ARM
The state in which the flight controller allows the motors to spin. Arming should stay blocked until the safety checks pass.
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Search in English or by abbreviation. Each definition explains what the term means and why it matters in a real FPV build.
Disarm
The command that stops motor control immediately. Disarm after landing and whenever the aircraft is unsafe.
Failsafe
The safety response to lost radio control or signal. Its settings determine what the drone does after a link is lost.
Angle / Horizon / Acro
Flight modes: Angle self-levels, Horizon combines self-leveling with flips, and Acro leaves attitude control to the pilot.
PID
A controller that corrects attitude error, accumulated error and the rate of change. Bad tuning causes oscillation or heat.
Gyro
The gyroscope measures angular speed around three axes. It is the key sensor used by stabilization and the PID loop.
OSD
On-Screen Display overlays voltage, timer, RSSI, LQ and other telemetry on the FPV image.
FC
Flight Controller. It reads sensors, receives pilot commands, drives the ESC and stores Betaflight configuration.
ESC
Electronic Speed Controller. It converts FC commands into current for a brushless motor.
UART / TX / RX
A serial port used by receivers, GPS and VTX control. TX from one device connects to RX on the other, and vice versa.
MSP
MultiWii Serial Protocol for configuration, OSD and data exchange between the FC and digital systems.
ELRS
ExpressLRS is a modern low-latency radio protocol with long range and telemetry on 2.4 GHz or 868/915 MHz.
CRSF
A bidirectional receiver-to-FC protocol used by ELRS and TBS Crossfire. It carries control data and telemetry.
SBUS / iBUS
Digital receiver protocols. SBUS is common with FrSky, while iBUS is used by FlySky; select the protocol for the actual receiver.
VTX
Video Transmitter. It sends the camera image to goggles or a ground station; frequency, power and cooling matter.
SmartAudio / IRC Tramp
UART control protocols for analog VTX channel, band, power and pit mode.
DShot
A digital FC-to-ESC protocol with error checking. DShot300/600 need no throttle calibration; Bidirectional DShot adds RPM telemetry.
Motor KV
The approximate unloaded RPM per volt. Higher battery voltage generally requires lower motor KV.
Thrust-to-weight
The total maximum thrust divided by take-off weight. Around 4:1 or higher is a useful target for a normal 5-inch build.
LiPo / Li-Ion / S / C
LiPo delivers high current for freestyle; Li-Ion favors long range. S is cell count and C is the claimed discharge rating.
Voltage sag
Temporary voltage drop under load. Severe sag can come from a weak battery, high current or poor power connections.
Propeller diameter and pitch
Diameter affects thrust while pitch affects speed and load. Larger or more aggressive props draw more current.
Blackbox
Flight controller logs of gyro, PID, throttle and commands. They help diagnose vibration, oscillation and tuning issues.
Rates / Expo
Stick sensitivity settings. Rates set maximum rotation speed while Expo softens the center of the stick.
GPS Rescue
A GPS return mode that can help after a radio link loss. It is not a complete autopilot and must be tested safely.
Home point / RTH
The launch and return location. It must be recorded before takeoff for a GPS return function to work correctly.
Firmware
Software installed on the FC, ESC, receiver or VTX. An incompatible version can change protocols or available features.
Baud rate
The serial data speed used by a UART. GPS, ELRS and VTX devices may require different values.
BEC
A voltage regulator that converts battery voltage into 5V, 9V or another rail for the FC, receiver, camera or VTX.
VBAT / GND
VBAT is the battery-voltage rail and GND is the common electrical reference. Never feed VBAT into a 5V-only device.
Current sensor
A sensor that lets Betaflight display current and consumed mAh for a more accurate battery estimate.
Low-ESR capacitor / Smoke stopper
The capacitor reduces voltage spikes from ESCs; a smoke stopper limits current during the first power-up and can save electronics.
RSSI / LQ
RSSI shows signal level while Link Quality shows received packet quality. With ELRS, LQ is often the more useful indicator.
Packet rate
The control-packet frequency. Higher rates reduce latency but can reduce range and increase radio-airtime requirements.
Bind phrase
A shared phrase used by ELRS transmitter and receiver firmware to pair automatically.
Telemetry
Data returned from the drone to the transmitter: voltage, current, GPS, temperature, RSSI, LQ and more.
Band / Channel
The video band and channel. Pilots flying together should coordinate frequencies to avoid interference.
XT30 / XT60 / XT90
Power connectors in different sizes and current ratings. The connector must match the battery, wires and drone class.
LiHV / Storage
LiHV cells charge to 4.35V per cell. Storage is a safer holding level, usually around 3.8V per cell.
mAh
Battery capacity. More mAh can extend flight time, but it also increases weight and may reduce agility.
Stator
The stationary part of a motor. A 2207 motor has roughly a 22 mm diameter and 7 mm stator height.
Bell / Rotor
The moving outer motor housing with magnets. Play, damage or dirt can create vibration.
T-mount / M5 shaft
T-mount props use two screws while M5 props use a threaded shaft and nut. Motor and prop must use the same standard.
CW / CCW / Props in / out
CW and CCW describe rotation direction. Props in and props out describe the direction of the front propellers relative to the camera.
Bi-blade / Tri-blade
Bi-blade props are efficient; tri-blades give more grip and control. The choice depends on style and load.
Amp / Watt
Amps measure current and watts measure power. Approximately P = U × I, so higher voltage needs less current for the same power.
AM32 / BLHeli
ESC firmware families. They determine support for DShot, Bidirectional DShot, telemetry, RPM and tuning options.
Freestyle / Racing / Cinewhoop / Long Range
Different flight styles and drone classes: tricks, speed, protected filming or distance. Each needs a different power setup.
True-X / Deadcat
Frame geometries. True-X is symmetrical; Deadcat moves front motors away from the camera view and changes balance.
VIFLY / Finder
An autonomous buzzer with its own battery. It keeps beeping after the main pack is disconnected and helps locate a drone in grass.
FC Target
The firmware target for a specific FC board. A wrong target may prevent the controller from starting or corrupt its configuration.
Dynamic Idle
A Betaflight feature that maintains minimum motor RPM at zero throttle for better stability and faster response after a throttle drop.
Center of Gravity / CoG
The drone balance point. Place the battery centrally so the FC does not constantly compensate for pitch or roll imbalance.
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Tip: before connecting a part, check its voltage, connectors, protocol and datasheet.